Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening, slow or rapid compression of the heart due to the pericardial accumulation of fluid, pus, blood, clots or gas as a result of inflammation, trauma, rupture of the heart or aortic dissection. Onset to (acute, subacute) or (chronic if more than three months). 10-50 ml of pericardial fluid is normally present.

• In a patient with pericardial effusion, how can I diagnose tamponade (i.e., who needs an urgent pericardiocentesis?) • Why is there no Kussmaul sign in tamponade? Why is there loss of Y-descent? • What are the echo clues to constriction? • Why is septal > lateral e’ in constriction? • In constriction, why does hepatic vein flow

Pericardial effusion appears as an echo-free space between the two layers of the pericardium. Echocardiographic assessment should be structured and focused to (i) differentiate between global or localized effusion; (ii) quantify the effusion; (iii) describe fluid appearance; and (iv) analyze hemodynamic compromise.

Constrictive pericarditis is a condition in which a thickened, scarred, inelastic, and often calcified noncompliant pericardium limits diastolic filling of the ventricles. J Am Coll Cardiol. 23 1994:154-162. 1. Reversal of the usually higher lateral mitral annulus peak tissue velocity and lower medial mitral annulus peak tissue velocity.

2024年3月5日 · Tamponade due to acute bleeding into the pericardium may occur with a small-moderate effusion, because the pericardium hasn't had time to stretch open. This may not be obvious on a brief bedside echocardiogram.

2016年4月4日 · Tamponade. 2. 3. 4. ... a constant finding? 18% of patients with pathologically proven constrictive pericarditis have normal pericardial thickness. Main etiologies: cardiac surgery (42%), infection (20%), thoracic irradiation (19%), previous MI …

2024年4月8日 · Echocardiography is a valuable tool to provide rapid assessment of cardiac tamponade at the bedside. The heart is separated from the surrounding mediastinal structures by a double-walled, fibroserosal sac called the pericardium. The pericardium stops the heart from rotating excessively, prevents friction, and possible kinking of the great vessels.

LV “pseudohypertrophy” (LV wall thickening that resolves following pericardiocentesis and is hypothesized to be due to myocardial venous congestion in the setting of increased pericardial pressure)

Cardiac tamponade is a condition that causes impaired cardiac filling due to a high pericardial pressure and increased amount of fluid within sac. In other words, the heart is being compressed, squished! The diagnosis of tamponade is based on a spectrum of hemodynamic abnormalities!

Pericardial effusion may be classified according to its onset (acute, subacute, chronic when lasting >3 months), distribution (circumferential or loculated), haemodynamic impact (none, cardiac tamponade, effusive-constrictive), composition (exudate, transudate (hydropericardium), blood (hemopericardium), rarely air, or gas (pneumopericardium) an...