Ukraine’s trade in 2024: restoration of logistical routes
2025年1月27日 · Despite persistently weak price trends for Ukraine’s key export commodities, in 2024 its exports increased by 15% in terms of value and over 30% in terms of volume. This …
OS W REPOR T 10/2024 5 MAIN POINTS • Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 is not an escalation of a local conflict over limited territory. It is an armed aggression …
Sweden: reinventing total defence and a proactive stance in NATO
2024年12月18日 · On 17 December, the Swedish parliament adopted the country’s defence resolution for 2025–2030. This is the first document to outline the primary directions for military …
Moldova: Russia’s gas crisis game in Transnistria
2025年1月8日 · On 1 January, Gazprom ceased its gas supplies to Transnistria, a separatist territory within Moldova, following Ukraine’s decision not to extend the gas transit agreement. …
Tough business in tough times: Belarusian exports of potash …
2024年11月20日 · The extraction of potash salts and their processing into fertilisers have long been hallmarks of Belarusian industrial success. The state-owned company Belaruskali …
Romania after the parliamentary election: a shift to the right
2024年12月2日 · In the parliamentary election held in Romania on 1 December, the centre-left Social Democratic Party (PSD), which co-formed the ruling coalition, secured the largest share …
Croatia sets conditions for Montenegro’s accession to the EU
2024年12月13日 · According to reports from the Montenegrin daily Vijesti, Croatian authorities have presented the Montenegrin government with a document containing a 10-point list of …
The Russian Challenge - osw.waw.pl
2024年12月18日 · Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine is in a critical phase: The Russian military is making territorial gains while Western support for Ukraine is stagnant. Add to this …
Belarus: severe sentence imposed on Catholic priest
2025年1月2日 · On 30 December 2024, a court in Minsk sentenced Father Henryk Okolotowicz to 11 years in a high-security penal colony. The trial was held behind closed doors; information …
Russia’s budget for 2025: war above all | OSW Centre for Eastern …
2024年11月22日 · In 2025, war-related spending will increase significantly. The largest rise in expenditure is planned in the “national defence” section, reaching 13.2 trillion roubles …