Thanks, it is good to know that typing.Annotated exists. --- IMHO the answer should explain that the added integer 3 works just like a comment attached to the annotated variable. You have to …

Enable use of new type system features on older Python versions. For example, typing.TypeGuard is new in Python 3.10, but typing_extensions allows users on previous …

2024年7月19日 · These [typing.IO, typing.TextIO, and typing.BinaryIO] classes were meant to model the concept of a "file object", but when you start looking at how "file objects" are really …

Side note: Unless your code only has to support Python 3.9 or newer, you want to avoid using the standard library container types in type hinting, as you can't say anything about what types …

I'm using the typing specification below, using Iterator[int] instead of Generator. The validation is OK. I think it is a lot clearer. It better describes the code intention and is recommended by …

Python 3.10 or newer: Use |. Example for a function which takes a single argument that is either an int or str and returns either an int or str: def func(arg: int | str) -> int | str: # ^^^^^ ^^^^^ # …

When you specify cls: A, you're saying that cls expects an instance of type A.. For python 3.5.2 through 3.8, the type hint to specify cls as a class object for the type A (or its subtypes) uses …

2016年6月15日 · As @jonrsharpe noted in a comment, this can be done with collections.abc.Callable:. from collections.abc import Callable def my_function(func: Callable):

2018年4月9日 · Finally, since PEP 585 -- Type Hinting Generics In Standard Collections was adopted in Python 3.9, typing.Iterator and typing.Generator are deprecated in favour of the …

2018年10月3日 · from enum import Enum from typing import Literal class Color(Enum): RED = '1' BLUE = '2' GREEN = '3' def some_function(some_color: Literal[Color.RED, Color.BLUE]) -> …