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    Wikipedia
    https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Common_toad

    Common toad - Wikipedia

    • The common toad, European toad, or in Anglophone parts of Europe, simply the toad (Bufo bufo, from Latin bufo "toad"), is a toad found throughout most of Europe (with the exception of Ireland, Iceland, parts of Scandinavia, and some Mediterranean islands), in the western part of North Asia, and in a small portion of Northwest Africa. It is one of a group of closely relat… 展开

    Taxonomy

    The common toad was first given the name Rana bufo by the Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae in 1758. In this work, he placed all the frogs and toads in the single genus Rana. It later be… 展开

    Description

    The common toad can reach about 15 cm (6 in) in length. Females are normally stouter than males and southern specimens tend to be larger than northern ones. The head is broad with a wide mouth below the terminal snout w… 展开

    Distribution and habitat

    After the common frog (Rana temporaria), the edible frog (Pelophylax esculentus) and the smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris), the common toad is the fourth most common amphibian in Europe. It is found throughout the continent wit… 展开

    Are Bufo bufo displaced from breeding site?
    "Orientation behaviour of toads (Bufo bufo) displaced from the breeding site". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 161 (5): 715–727. doi: 10.1007/BF00605013. PMID 3119823. S2CID 26102029. ^ Davies, N. B.; Halliday, T. R. (1978). "Deep croaks and fighting assessment in toads Bufo bufo". Nature. 274 (5672): 683–685.
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