In physics, cryogenics is the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures.

Cryogens A cryogen or cryogenic liquid is defined by the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) as any liquid with a boiling point below 93K (-180°C or -240°F) at 1 atmosphere of pressure.

A cryogenic liquid is defined as a liquid with a normal boiling point below -240°F (-150°C, 123°K). The most commonly used industrial gases that are transported, handled, and stored in the liquid state at cryogenic temperatures are argon, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.

Cryogenic liquids (or cryogens) are liquified gases that are cooled below room temperature-most cryogenic liquids are below -150°C. When a small amount of cryogenic liquid is converted into gas, a very large volume of gas is created.

Cryogens are liquefied gases that are stored and dispensed at extremely low temperatures. All cryogenic liquids are gases at normal temperatures and pressures. When placed under pressure in specially designed storage containers (dewars), the gases condense to a liquid state and maintain very cold temperatures.

2024年6月2日 · Cryogenics is the scientific study of materials and their characteristics observed at a very low temperature. The term is associated with physics, but has applications in a wide range of subjects, including medicines, materials science and electronics. Scientists and experts in this field are called cryogenicists.

Different cryogens become liquids under different conditions of temperature and pressure, but all have two common properties: they are extremely cold and small amounts of the liquid can expand

Typical use of cryogens at the NCNR create three lethal hazards: 1) The cold can cause cold burns ‐even frostbite –and hypothermia. 2) The boil‐off can displace oxygen in the room, leading to asphyxiation. 3) The boil‐off can build up pressure in a …

A superconducting ma gnet uses two types of cryogens (liquid helium and liquid nitrogen). Cryogenic liquids can be handled easily and safely, provided certain precautions are obeyed. The recommendations in this section are by no means exhaustive, and when in doubt, the user is advised to consult the supplier.

2016年9月7日 · Cryogenics is the science that addresses the production and effects of very low temperatures. The word originates from the Greek words 'kryos' meaning "frost" and 'genic' meaning "to produce." Under such a definition it could be used to include all temperatures below the freezing point of water (0 C).