Smallpox inoculation was a simple procedure: a doctor removed pus from an active pustule of an infected person, and then inserted that pus into the skin of a non-infected person via a small incision. The insertion of the pus resulted in the inoculated person contracting smallpox.

Smallpox vaccine was inoculated by scratches into the superficial layers of the skin, with a wide variety of instruments used to achieve this. They ranged from simple needles to multi-pointed and multi-bladed spring-operated instruments specifically designed for the purpose. [137]

Smallpox was highly infectious, with no known cure. It began as early as 1350 BCE, with cases being found in the study of Egyptian mummies. The ancient practice of variolation (named for smallpox, also known as variola or ‘la variole’) was widely used in Asia and some parts of Africa.

2024年10月23日 · To test his theory, Dr. Jenner took material from a cowpox sore on milkmaid Sarah Nelmes' hand and inoculated it into the arm of James Phipps, the 8-year-old son of Jenner's gardener. Months later, Jenner exposed Phipps several times to variola virus, but Phipps never developed smallpox.

Early in the 18 th century, variolation (referred to then as ‘inoculation’) was introduced to Britain and New England to protect people likely to be at risk of infection with smallpox. This triggered a number of important developments.

2019年4月25日 · Smallpox vaccination is based on a thousand-year old technique called inoculation, in which a small sample of infected matter is deliberately introduced into the body in order to prevent the full disease from developing.

What rather is at stake in the following is the meaning of smallpox inoculation to its eighteenth-century advocates and practitioners. What was inoculation to them?

The practice of inoculation at the time carried much greater risks than the most dangerous vaccine today. The process involved taking the pus from an active smallpox lesion and inoculating it under the skin of a healthy patient . The goal was to induce a milder case of disease and contemporary sources all suggest it did reduce mortality from 10 ...

The term variolation refers solely to inoculation with smallpox virus and is related to but not interchangeable with vaccination. The latter term was first used in 1800 soon after Edward Jenner introduced smallpox vaccine derived from cowpox, an animal disease distinct from smallpox.

One of the most feared diseases in the eighteenth century was smallpox. A high percentage of those infected died; many who survived were blinded or badly disfigured. Inoculation against the disease had been introduced into Europe from the Middle East early in the century and subsequently conveyed to the American colonies.