So far, the wavefield decomposition method based on the Poynting vector has been developed to suppress these noises; however, this method also has some problems, such as unstable calculation of the ...

However, using noisy low-frequency data to build the initial model can be a challenge for FWI in practice. To solve this problem, we propose a wavefield reconstruction method based on the first type ...

However, the model gradients derived from wavefield continuation often contain errors, such as ghost values and excessively large values at transmitter and receiver points. Furthermore, models updated ...