These four fundamental forces exist between fermions (quarks and leptons). They arise from the exchange of bosons. Bosons are the 'force carrying' or 'force-mediating' particles. If a fermion ...

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The ATLAS collaboration at the Large Hadron Collider observed the rare production of a Z boson alongside two other vector bosons (VVZ) with a statistical significance of 6.4 standard deviations.

At these extremely low temperatures, a large fraction of the bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, forming a coherent superfluid. BECs exhibit unique quantum properties on a macroscopic scale, ...