Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) is of great importance to vegetable supply in Asia, where about 70% of the world’s output is grown. The leafy head is the edible part of Chinese ...

The simultaneous stamen formation is likely to be a constant character in the genus. Within the pistil, which is formed of four fused carpels, the abaxial carpel (the one facing away from the ...

Abrasion with microparticles or high-pressure spraying, abaxial stomatal flooding, and surfactant utilization have been shown to improve dsRNA penetration through the barriers and achieve robust RNAi ...

Below the upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) epidermis of the leaves, a special cell layer is located, which presumably plays a role in water storage, as this layer of cells on the upper side has ...

Foliar applications were performed by spraying the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of the leaves, in order to wet them completely. A surfactant (Tween 20 at 0.025%) was added to the spray solutions to ...