A peel-away needle is used to puncture the peritoneum. The distal shunt, which has been subcutaneously tunneled from the head toward the abdomen, is inserted through the needle and placed into the ...

EM responded positively to the high-volume LP and the decision was made by him, his family, and the neurosurgery team to proceed with VP shunting. Surgery was uncomplicated and Mr. M made an ...

Once the decision to place a VP shunt has been made, valve selection is of vital importance. There are many valve designs available today. As of 1999 there were at least 127 commercially available ...