The results show that the freeze-thaw changes of permafrost active layer have a direct impact on the water interaction and transformation relationship of "precipitation—soil water—permafrost ...

Permafrost—ground that remains frozen year-round—is capped by a few feet of dirt and plant detritus. Called the active layer, this soil normally thaws each summer and refreezes in winter ...

On the surface of the permafrost lies the so-called active layer, which thaws in summer and allows plants to grow: grasslands, forests, or wetlands with ponds and lakes. In some areas, the ...