由多糖荚膜包裹的致病菌（encapsulated bacterium, 荚膜细菌）引起的血流感染是导致人类脓毒症和死亡的一个主要原因。医学界早就认识到重症血流感染通常发生在婴幼儿、老年人和免疫力低下的“弱势群体”，而极少发生在健康青壮年个体。这个流行病学现象暗示青壮年个体中存在识别与清除侵袭性细菌的天然免疫力，但目前对这种 “健康免疫力”的机制缺乏认知。

Figure 1. During sepsis, liver macrophages (Kupffer cells) in hepatic sinusoids synthesize large amounts of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) through the TLR4-MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, ...

Massive infiltration of liver sinusoids by lymphoma cells (Figure 1) and NRH (Figures 1 and 2) was confirmed. The patient was therefore diagnosed with primary splenic lymphoma and hepatic ...

along with the vasculature of the liver. Whilst endothelial cells have been noticed, their in vivo diversity and complexity have yet to be captured wherein they are organized into veins, arteries and ...

As noted above, stellate cell activation is the central event in hepatic fibrosis. Activation consists of 2 major phases: (1) initiation (also called apreinflammatory stage) and (2) perpetuation ...

Objective Liver injury impacts hepatic inflammation in part via Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM-2) modulates TLR4-mediated inflammation in ...

64,65 Portosinusoidal vascular disease encompasses a spectrum of myeloproliferative, prothrombotic, and immunological conditions, which affect the portal venules or hepatic sinusoids and lead to ...

The liver is a large internal organ that is under your right ribs just beneath your right lung. It has two lobes (sections). The liver is made up mainly of cells called hepatocytes. It also has other ...

What Does Liver Pain Feel Like? Your liver is a football-sized organ that sits under your ribs. It filters and cleans your blood, stockpiles energy, helps you fight infections and diseases ...

Systemic levels act on many organs and tissues including bone and endothelium, but little is known about its hepatic functions in health and disease. Design Levels of BMP-9 and its receptors were ...