Upon receptor activation by its ligand, there is an exchange of GDP for GTP (b). In the active form, the G-alpha-subunit bound to GTP and the beta-gamma complex can signal to downstream effector ...

In unstimulated cells, the state of G alpha (orange circles) is defined by its interaction with GDP, G beta-gamma (purple circles), and a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR; light green loops).

Researchers investigate the underlying mechanisms of endothelial insulin resistance involved in obesity-associated diabetes.