It had two main characteristics. First, Legalists were adept at absorbing and adapting ideas that aligned with their interests from other schools of thought. Second, their philosophy retained a strong ...

‘“Dare to know!” – that is the motto of enlightenment’, wrote Kant in 1784, in his famous essay ‘What is Enlightenment?’ Clerical authority, the veracity of the Bible, miracles, magic, satanic ...

By Sonal Srivastava Should politicians use religion to garner votes from their constituencies in secular democracies? It is a million-dollar question with no real answer. While it is challenging to ...

Around the same time, influential social and political philosophers like Britain ... of Voltaire’s souring on the Enlightenment’s foundational beliefs that his Candide would burn at the ...

Accordingly, Enlightenment thinkers started an influential project to cut out religion from the ... Thus, conceptual dichotomies were produced that remain today: reason versus faith, religion versus ...

In a world increasingly shaped by secularism and scientific empiricism, a paradox emerges: the enduring belief that history has direction, meaning and purpose—a secularized form of providentialism.

Asclepiades of Bithynia, influenced by Epicurean philosophy, pioneered medical innovations and foreshadowed the principles of ...