Dr. Rajan: Dialysis patients need consistent, effective, reproducible, permanent vascular access. Although surgical arteriovenous (AV) fistulas have the best outcomes, they have shortcomings. Surgical ...

Thus, the creation of new dialysis machines must take into account all those features that might affect the final outcome, or at least contribute towards the concept of performing cardioprotective ...

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动静脉内瘘（Arteriovenous Fistula, AVF）是血液透析患者的“生命线”，但据统计，AVF的成熟率仅为50%左右。这意味着近一半的患者可能面临内瘘失败的风险。那么，如何识别内瘘是否成熟？如果内瘘未成熟，又该如何处置？本文将从临床角度为您详细解答，并分享专家的实用建议。

The outcomes of flexible ureteroscopy for renal calculi of 2 cm or more with and without the use of ureteral access sheath: A retrospective study. Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Galectin-3 (Gal-3) levels ...