[brmarcum] takes us back to analog building block basics with his Frequency Modulation and Demodulation tutorial. Frequency Modulation (FM) sounds simple at first, but understanding the ...

Varying the voltage of a carrier or a direct current in order to transmit analog or digital data. Amplitude modulation (AM) is the oldest method of transmitting human voice electronically.

Challenges include, of course, circuit size, but also the heterogeneous nature of the A/RF systems, their architectural complexity (e.g. modulation schemes, analog/digital mix, in-built configuration, ...

If you are using a digital synthesiser, you may want to consider very slightly adjusting the tuning, so that the pitches are not identical. If your synthesiser has an analog impurity control ...