In a landmark meeting half a century ago, William Briscoe used the term COPD. Since then, the pathophysiology and treatment modalities of chronic bronchitis and emphysema filled the textbooks.

The current pathophysiology of COPD encompasses three main characteristics: emphysema, chronic bronchitis and small airway disease. Macrophages and neutrophils are implicated in this process ...

The evolution of a disease resulting in functional changes in your body is known as pathophysiology. To understand COPD’s pathophysiology, it’s important to understand the structure of the ...