Background The vertebral artery (VA) ostium (VAO) is a common stenosis site. Most patients with VAO stenosis refractory to medical treatment are treated endovascularly using stenting. To optimally ...

Figure 2. Muscles innervated by Onuf’s MNs. Onuf’s (ON) MNs are located in the ventral horns of the upper sacral segment and innervate sphincters and muscles of the pelvic and perineal regions, such ...