Introduction Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrognathia is a common complication of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), often accompanied by transverse maxillary deficiency. In early ...

Maxillary sinus retention cysts (MRCs) are typically asymptomatic and require no treatment. An early 30s man presented with a decade-long history of severe left-sided chronic facial pain (CFP).

The craniofacial features associated with sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) – craniosynostosis, retrognathia and micrognathia, midface and maxillary hypoplasia – have high heritability and, in ...

The condyle is an important growth site of the mandible, which plays an essential role in mastication and speech (Ohrbach and Dworkin, 2016). Condylar cartilage promotes mandible growth through ...