Miocene columnar basalts that contributed to the formation of the Isthmus of Panama are removed for the expansion of the Panama canal. This material relates to a paper that appeared in the Aug. 17 ...

the French Compagnie Universelle du Canal Interocéanique began work on a canal that would cross the Colombian isthmus of Panama and unite the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Ferdinand de Lesseps ...

Fossils found in this rock share more affinities with Pacific faunas, providing further evidence that the Isthmus of Panama had yet formed at this time. This material relates to a paper that ...