These pairs are called base pairs and they connect the two sugar-phosphate backbones through interactions called hydrogen bonds. In cells, the DNA helix is often overwound, causing a phenomenon ...

In this type of pairing, adenine (A) forms two hydrogen bonds with thymine (T) in DNA or uracil (U) in RNA, while guanine (G) forms three hydrogen bonds with cytosine (C). These base pairs are highly ...

DNA is found in nearly all living cells ... another polynucleotide by way of special chemical bonds called hydrogen bonds. This base-to-base bonding is not random; rather, each A in one strand ...

an energy currency that can be scarce—so instead of covalent bonds, which are more permanent because they require more energy ...

It's not hydrogen bonds don't have a role to play. They're still the ones responsible for sorting base pairs and making sure they're all in the right sequence. But, it's water that holding the DNA ...

Chemical structure of guanine, showing its double-ring purine structure and the functional groups involved in hydrogen bonding with cytosine. (Image: Public Domain) Guanine has the chemical formula ...

Hydrogen atoms are close together. The electron from each atom feels the attraction from the proton in the nucleus of the other atom. This attraction pulls the atoms together and the electrons are ...

Cells express their genes by converting the genetic message into protein. This process of protein synthesis occurs in two stages - transcription and translation. When a gene is to be expressed ...