Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a critical component in breast milk. HMOs can reach the baby’s colon entirely from milk and become a fermentable substrate for some intestinal microorganisms.
Figure 1. Production scheme of hemicellulosic oligosaccharides (HOS) from switchgrass (SG), hybrid poplar (HP), and southern pine (SP) biomass, using hot water extraction (HWE) at 160°C for 60 min.