While lesioning surgery is typically irreversible, DBS is reversible, as the electrode can be removed or turned off ...

Patients suffering from debilitating conditions like severe tremors, dystonia, and Parkinson’s disease/essential tremor often ...

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has spasmodic dysphonia, a voice disorder caused by a malfunction in the brain. Here’s what to know.

Dystonia is a neurological (brain and spine-related) movement disorder that causes your muscles to contract involuntarily, resulting in uncontrolled and repetitive body movements. This condition ...

Robert F. Kennedy Jr., known to the world as RFK Jr. for short, suffers from "spasmodic dysphonia, a specific form of an ...

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has publicly disclosed his diagnosis with spasmodic dysphonia. Learn more about this rare voice ...

Dystonia is a common disorder of movement and tone, characterised by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal movements, postures or both. Children and young people with dystonia ...

That’s because he has spasmodic dysphonia, a rare neurological condition that causes the muscles affecting the vocal cords to ...

Correspondence to Dr Ryuji Kaji, Department of Neurology, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; rkaji{at}clin.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp ...