1. Begin by asking students for a definition of causality, or “cause and effect.” (Accept all answers.) Once students have contributed their answers, provide them with this definition ...

But a human has about 20,000 genes that can affect each other in complex ways, so even knowing which groups of genes to ...

The authors noted results for nicotine and cannabis may not have had adequate statistical power, and small effects suggest these findings aren’t clinically informative for individuals.