In this study, we analysed whether anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies, a novel autoantibody system against carbamylated proteins, can also be detected in healthy individuals before they ...

An A1C test is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes by measuring the body's average blood sugar level over the past three months. A high hemoglobin A1C, or A1C, shows your body has difficulty ...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common chronic kidney disease. Accumulation of glucose and metabolites activates resident macrophages in kidneys. Resident macrophages play diverse roles on ...

For instance, a study involving over 3,000 patients with CKD stages 2-4 found that higher levels of carbamylated albumin were linked to an increased risk of developing ESKD and other serious ...

Red blood cells are the most common cells in human blood. They contain a protein called hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. The body ...

Arginine deimination, also referred to as citrullination of proteins by L-arginine deiminases, is a post-translational modification affecting histone modifications, epigenetic transcriptional ...

It’s made of water, proteins, clotting factors, hormones, and other substances. Floating in the plasma are many red blood cells (RBCs). These cells contain hemoglobin. Hemoglobin lets RBCs carry ...