Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising minimally invasive treatment modality in cancer therapy, combining photosensitizers, light, and oxygen ...

A photosensitizer (PS) is a chemical species that initiates a reaction upon absorption of light. Although the chemical ...

The study examines the roles of pH levels, metal oxide (MO x) catalysts, and Ru(II) photosensitizers. Water oxidation, which ...