Sania, Mirzadeh and Berger have conducted a study to look at language function after smaller, tailored craniotomies and found that most gliomas can be aggressively resected without long-term ...

Larger craniotomies, which are necessary for the removal of brain tumors, for example, are too stressful for awake patients.

Anastasios Giamouriadis, a consultant neurosurgeon with NHS Grampian in Scotland, has used keyhole surgery, which leaves significantly less scarring than regular craniotomies. According to Dr.