Adaptable to diverse terrains, Yellow Birch thrives from Newfoundland to Georgia, flourishing in various stages of forest succession on well-drained loams, sandy loams, Spodosols, and Inceptisols.

However, with increasing elevation, balsam fir tends to dominate. Near timberline, black spruce joins with balsam in a dwarfed and contorted forest know as the “Krummholz.” Paper birch, yellow birch, ...