The first surgery includes implantation of a plastic tube called a shunt to improve blood flow. However, as children grow, the shunt is often replaced to accommodate their changing bodies.

Recent research shows that foetal surgery can lead to better outcomes. Children who undergo foetal surgery are more likely to walk by the age of 2.5 years and less likely to need a shunt to assist ...

I'm a practicing vet with over 13 years of experience in small animal surgery and medicine and have been a dog owner my ...