Cystoscopy is the reference standard for bladder ... A total of 838 CT urograms from 779 patients (449 men, mean age 62 years; 330 women, mean age 56 years) under evaluation for hematuria (a ...

Bladder cancer is diagnosed by cystoscopy, a procedure in which the urologist passes a lighted telescope ... This method of detecting cancer cells under the microscope is very similar to a PAP smear ...

Diagnostic flexible cystoscopy is a routine procedure performed in outpatient clinics and hospitals under local anesthetic: at least 220,000 took place in 2004–2005. Significant bacteriuria ...