在癌症治疗的战场上，疫苗一直被寄予厚望，它就像一位英勇的战士，肩负着对抗癌症的重任。然而，现实却给这位战士设置了重重障碍。其中一个最棘手的问题就是，如何让癌症疫苗产生长期存活且功能强大的 T 细胞（一种在免疫系统中发挥关键作用的白细胞，能识别和攻击异常细胞），而且这些 T 细胞还得精准地针对肿瘤抗原。这就好比要训练出一批神枪手，不仅要百发百中，还得能长时间坚守岗位。

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