The atom is neutral as it has two positive protons and two negative electrons. A helium atom that has lost or gained an electron is an ion. The ion has two positive protons but one electron so it ...

For example, a helium atom has an atomic mass of 4, but an atomic number (or positive charge) of 2. Since electrons have almost no mass, it seemed that something besides the protons in the nucleus ...

the existence of other helium compounds has remained purely theoretical. As a result, the conventional view is that any primordial helium-3 present when our planet first formed would have quickly ...

But Interlune’s aims aren’t purely scientific—they want to mine the moon’s possible trove of helium-3 isotopes ... “How other cultures view the moon, and changing the surface of the ...