Vertebrates need to sleep. Although the reasons for sleeping are not well understood, there are two hypothesized adaptive functions for sleep. First, it allows a period of brain activity that ...

Model vertebrates are extensively studied non-human ... Here, authors found that the nuclear exosome co-factor MTR4 functions in shaping the transcriptome for meiosis initiation and male fertility.

The evolution of the neck in vertebrates: a key innovation for conquering ... fish were repurposed to form the neck by ...

Recent studies, however, have shown that DEHP can also impair the blood-brain barrier, which protects the brains of vertebrates from ... Basic brain functions, such as how nerve cells process ...