Venom has evolved independently in at least 104 known animal lineages, but this study suggests similar toxin delivery mechanisms may be widespread across non-animal life forms. Biologists and ...

HHMI researchers discover that protein related to snake venom toxin modulates receptors that are targeted by nicotine. Scientists have found that a protein resembling snake venom neurotoxin modulates ...

Perhaps these multiple actions are needed to cover the diversity of targets, which includes a variety of neural and endocrine cells in all vertebrates (the venom ... through the toxin pore would ...