This patient experienced diverse renal colic episodes and spontaneously expelled 11 renal calculi, nine of which were papillary. The analysis of these calculi is summarized in Figure 1.

Their medical histories and lifestyle habits were reviewed, and their renal calculi and urine samples were obtained. The papillae of these patients were observed by flexible ureterorenoscopy.

Drinking water composition and incidence of urinary calculus： Introducing a new index. Iran J Kidney Dis 2011; 5： 15-20. [5]李妍.自来水安全吗？ 从水源地到水龙头，哪些环节 ...

Experiencing a kidney stone often means enduring sharp, intense pain in the back, side, or lower abdomen, which may radiate ...

Calculi in the urinary system are increased in the spinal cord injury population and occur more frequently in patients with frequent UTIs, indwelling catheters and immobilization hyperclciuria. Lack ...