Topological insulators are strange stuff – the bulk of this material is insulating and cannot carry an electrical current, yet the surfaces of the same material are conducting. This means that charged ...

These invariants are mathematical constructs that classify the electronic wave functions of materials into distinct categories ... defects. Topological materials can be categorized into several types, ...

Topological insulators are materials that are insulating in their interior but can support the flow of electrons on their surface. The underlying cause is time-reversal symmetry: their physics is ...

Experiment has now proved the existence of the predicted three-dimensional 'topological insulator' in the semiconducting alloy Bi 1−x Sb x. One of the triumphs of quantum mechanics in the ...

Topological insulators (TIs) are among the hottest topics in condensed matter physics today. They're a bit strange: Their surfaces conduct electricity, yet their interiors do not, instead acting ...