It’s a fair criticism to say that, in the current era, many surgeons reserve thoracotomy for patients ... largest and most comprehensive thoracic surgical databases in the world.

Pleurectomy and decortication is a surgical procedure that may be recommended for patients with mesothelioma or other tumors or diseases affecting the inner chest. This involves removing diseased ...

and a combined surgical-endovascular approach (hybrid operation) with right subclavian artery transposition and thoracic aortic stent graft implantation.

These physicians have surgical training and are capable of performing RT when necessary. In the study, titled "Prehospital ...