Born on March 27, 1844 in Newburyport, MA, he joined the United States Army at the age of 17 during the American Civil War. In 1867, he joined the U.S. Signal Corps after being promoted to Lieutenant.

But, if al-Sharaa and HTS do not move quickly to improve the economy, which contracted 84 percent during the war; if they seek to impose Islamic law—not an unreasonable concern given HTS’s ...

But, if al-Sharaa and HTS do not move quickly to improve the economy, which contracted 84 percent during the war; if they seek to impose Islamic law — not an unreasonable concern given HTS’s ...