This historical perspective integrates 50 years of research on SOS mutagenesis in Escherichia coli with the proverbial '3R' functions—replication, repair and recombination—that feature DNA ...

One of Witkin's most notable contributions was the co-discovery of the SOS response, a coordinated ... a series of cellular responses including DNA repair, mutagenesis, and inhibition of cell ...

DNA replication, repair, and damage response, collectively called the 3Rs, support genome stability and faithful genetic inheritance. Proteins involved in the 3Rs are genome guardians that prevent a ...