Spectacular increase in brightness and decrease in pulse duration of X-ray beams are now foreseen owing to the progress made in laser–plasma ... and Thomson scattering of high-density plasmas ...

These properties are exploited in numerous applications, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy ... for ...

The scattering spectra thus measured is a ... a specifically designed ultrashort pulse laser, and time-stretch technology ...

The high brilliance and short pulse duration of XFEL pulses allow for the imaging of individual nanoparticles ... Techniques such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic X-ray ...