Physicists know from previous experiments that what happens at the nuclear scale to protons and neutrons also affects their ...

A new approach integrates theoretical and experimental studies to better understand the proton's structure, focusing on quarks and gluons bound by quantum chromodynamics (QCD).

So, which quarks and gluons are actually "in" a proton is a difficult question to answer. Much of the experimental work related to extracting the quark and gluon structure of protons occurs at ...

Artist’s depiction of a proton’s interior. In quantum chromodynamics, the constituent quarks come in three “colors,” along with up and down “flavors.” Also shown are virtual quark ...

Through QCD we can describe the proton as a superposition of quark-gluon states that can include states of different sizes ... Justin Stevens Title: Probing Nuclear Structure and Testing the Standard ...

Beta (\(\beta^-\)) decay is the release of an electron by the change of a neutron to a proton. The neutron (charge = 0) is made up of one up quark (charge = \(\frac{2}{3}\)) and two down quarks ...

"With evidence that quarks and gluons are entangled, this picture has changed. We have a much more complicated, dynamic system." ...