Appropriate anesthesia and analgesia should be considered; various protocols can be found in the literature. Premedication with butorphanol (0.2 mg per kg body weight administered intramuscularly ...

Individualize. Premedication: 50–100mcg (1–2mL) by IM inj 30–60 mins prior to surgery. Adjunct to general anesthesia (low dose): 2mcg/kg; (moderate dose): 2–20mcg/kg; (high dose): 20 ...