Marriage rejection King Philip II of Spain had been married to Elizabeth’s sister, Mary I. When Mary died he offered to marry Elizabeth but she rejected him. Piracy English sailors like Hawkins ...

3/3 Spain's golden age under Philip II through to the Civil War and Franco's dictatorship.

In 1596, Philip II of Spain defaulted on debt for the fourth time. An experienced and systematic administrator with an eye for the tiniest detail, he requested and pondered arguments from his trusted ...

The so-called Golden Age of Spain had many tarnished secrets, and King Philip II was behind the darkest of them. Cold, cruel, and inflexible in his ways, Philip viewed himself as the pious hero of ...

When Elizabeth I ascended to the English throne in 1558, she rejected Philip II, Emperor of Spain, as a suitor. Thirty years later, he would lead a huge invasion force against her, seeking to ...

Located about 35 miles from Madrid, this religious complex realised Philip II’s vision of constructing ... much deeper understanding of what one of Spain’s most important monuments is about ...