Sensory receptors that initiate swallow reflex are present only in post part of the oral cavity and upper portion of pharynx. The afferents are carried in glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) nerves.

Increased cancer incidence seen in digestive, endocrine, oral cavity/pharynx, and respiratory systems between 2016 and 2021.

“We know that alcohol consumption increases the risk of seven cancer types, including cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, colorectal, liver, and breast,” Dr. Islami say ...