A pericardial effusion occurs when a significant amount of fluid fills the pericardial space. Individuals without pericardial effusion have a small amount of pericardial fluid (15 mL to 50 mL ...

Acute pericardial disease (acute pericarditis and ... but this depends on the method used for analysis; the fluid should be extracted in discrete amounts, fresh or well-preserved and analyzed ...

A pericardial knock can be present in patients with constrictive pericarditis as the early filling of the left ventricle is limited from the constrictive process. This pericardial knock occurs ...