Predation, herbivory, and parasitism are specific types of antagonistic interactions. In predation, one organism kills and consumes another. Predation provides energy to prolong the life and ...

Most orchid species have a symbiotic relationship with the natural fungi found in their roots. The plants provide the fungi ...

Most orchids live in a symbiotic relationship with fungi in their roots: The plants provide sugar they produce through ...

The social parasitism that I address here is restricted to the ants that form mixed species nests and depend on labor provided by the host species workers. These nests typically have two or more ...

Robert David The so-called ‘free market’ was never free—it’s a stage-managed spectacle where financial elites dictate the ...

We are describing and documenting patterns of copepod species to determine how their diversity evolves. Copepods are one of the most abundant forms of life on Earth. They are dominant in the community ...

However, the small size of these wasps and the challenges of rearing them have made the molecular mechanisms of parasitism difficult to decipher. Focusing on the endoparasitoid wasp A. japonica ...

The oviposition behavior of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and natural parasitism of this pest by Trichogramma spp. at different phenological stages of corn were evaluated under field conditions.

Some orchids have evolved a unique parasitic lifestyle, abandoning full reliance on photosynthesis in favor of extracting nutrients from fungi. Oreorchis patens serves as a fascinating case, capable ...