There are two types of removal: Re-uptake – the neurotransmitter is reabsorbed back into the presynaptic neuron and restored inside a vesicle ready to be used again. For example, noradrenaline.

Recreational drugs can affect neurotransmitters in the reward pathway within the brain. They can act as either agonists or antagonists. Recreational drugs can also stimulate the release of ...

Cholinergic interneurons release acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter, and play a key role in the striatum of the brain, influencing learning and reward-based motivation. "CIN act as ...