Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) was first described in 2000 as a scleromyxedema-like illness that presented with cutaneous fibrosis in 14 patients receiving chronic hemodialysis (Cowper et al ...

However, the use of GBCAs has raised safety concerns, particularly regarding a rare but serious condition known as nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), which primarily affects patients with ...

and with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with impaired renal function. [1] While contrast agents have not been a critical part of image acquisition in echocardiography, image quality may ...