At cooling rates faster than 140 C/s the transition is to a metastable material known as martensite. Between 35 and 140 C/s the system at room temperature is a mixture of these two materials. The ...

Unlike the tempered martensitic microstructure formed in conventionally heat-treated steel, LPBF-produced steel develops a high-temperature δ-ferrite phase-based microstructure due to its ...

The resulting nano-structured porous martensitic alloys are lighter and stronger, thanks to precise microstructure control from the millimeter down to the atomic scale. Traditionally, achieving ...

The lower diagram shows the microstructure in the "heat affected zone" (HAZ ... In (c) the cooling rate was too fast to permit the equilibrium phase transition to occur and martensite was formed from ...