Another potential cause of a false-positive hCG test is the presence of IgG immunoglobulins in the serum that mimic immunoreactivity, termed heterophile antibodies. Heterophile antibodies are ...

The protocol most commonly used is the triple marker screen, which measures serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), unconjugated estriol (uE3), and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG).

The change in serum hCG over time (hCG ratio ... A woman is classified as having a PUL when she has a positive pregnancy test, with no signs of an intra- or extra-uterine pregnancy on transvaginal ...